Can Pharmacogenomics Personalise ADHD Medication Treatment?

 

Pharmacogenomics explores whether genetic differences can help predict medication response in ADHD. While promising, current evidence shows clear limits. 

Genes Linked to Medication Response 
Research has focused on genes involved in dopamine and norepinephrine systems, including DAT, DRD4, COMT, ADRA2A and NET. Some studies suggest small associations with stimulant response. 

For atomoxetine, the CYP2D6 genotype affects how the drug is metabolised, influencing plasma levels and side effect risk. CES1 variants also affect methylphenidate metabolism. 

Current Barriers To Clinical Use 
Effect sizes are small, findings are inconsistent, and most studies involve European ancestry populations. Genetics explains only part of the treatment response. 

Looking Ahead 
Future approaches may combine multiple genetic markers to support personalised care. 

Services informed by ongoing developments often begin with an in-person adhd assessment to guide clinical understanding. 

To support a broader pharmacogenomic research  you could also start your Autism self-assessment now. 

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